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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Pittsburgh Agreement ： ウィキペディア英語版 Pittsburgh Agreement The Pittsburgh Agreement was a memorandum of understanding completed on 31 May 1918 between members of Czech and Slovak expatriate communities in the United States of America. It is named for the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the agreement was made. The agreement prescribed the intent of the cosignatories to create an independent Czechoslovakia.〔Votruba M. ("Pittsburgh Agreement" ) University of Pittsburgh, Slovak Studies Program. Accessed 28 October 2013.〕 This was achieved on 18 October 1918, when the primary author of the agreement, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, declared the independence of Czechoslovakia. Masaryk was elected the first president of Czechoslovakia in November, 1918. ==Background== The historical setting of the Pittsburgh Agreement was the impending dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the months prior to the end of World War I. By September, 1918, it was evident to many that the forces of the Habsburg monarchy, the rulers of Austria-Hungary, would be vanquished by the Allies: Britain, France and Russia.〔Stevenson, D. "Cataclysm: The First World War As Political Tragedy", New York: Basic Books (2004) p 380, ISBN 0-465-08184-3, OCLC 54001282〕 Between 1860 and 1918, close to one million people of Slovak and Czech ethnicity migrated to the United States and to other nations. At the time, these immigrants were officially recorded as Austrians or Hungarians (Magyars), which did not accurately reflect their culture and ethnic origin.〔Sabo G. ("Slovaks - The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History" ) Case Western Reserve University. Accessed 3 November 2013.〕 The United States allowed Czech and Slovak nationalist groups to form and operate.〔Mahoney, W. ("The history of the Czech Republic and Slovakia." ) The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations. 2011. Google Books. In English. Accessed 30 October 2013〕 On 22 October 1915 (approximately three months after the commencement of hostilities in World War I), at the Bohemian National Hall on Broadway, Cleveland, Ohio the Slovak League of America and the Bohemian (Czech) National Alliance signed the Cleveland Agreement. With this, the two groups agreed to work together towards a united and independent state for Czechs and Slovaks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pittsburgh Agreement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.